Sections (TOC) :
• 1
40 Words; 259 Characters
• 2
14 Words; 84 Characters
• 3
19 Words; 127 Characters
• 4
15 Words; 86 Characters
• 5
47 Words; 264 Characters
• 6
187 Words; 1,169 Characters
• 7
72 Words; 415 Characters
• 8
45 Words; 287 Characters
• 9
32 Words; 179 Characters
• 10
38 Words; 207 Characters
• 11
31 Words; 212 Characters
Sections (Content) :
• 1
The hacknied maxim, that trade must always regulate itself, is in our situation as impolitical as it is arrogant and absurd, and patience but scarcely restrains from bestowing upon it the severer epithets due to a possession so very ill-timed. [1780]
• 2
The business world is a basket of live crabs seeking to devour one another.
• 3
...a market economy based on dog-eat-dog as a law of survival and "progress" has penetrated every aspect of society...
• 4
A rope cannot be made of sand; a society cannot be made of competitive units.
• 5
Undergraduate economists learn in their first year that the private enterprise system is a marvelous mechanism. By their third year, it is to be hoped, they have come to learn also that there is a great deal it cannot do, and much that it does very badly.
• 6
The growing incidence of the external diseconomies generated by certain sectors of the economy and suffered by the public at large, regarded as the most salient factor responsible for the misallocation of our national resources, is one of the chief themes of this essay and the motif of this second part of the volume. All professional economists are, of course, aware of the role played by external diseconomies in the system; though alas, all too many of them tend to look at such effects merely as one of the chief obstacles to facile theorizing -- as the sort of possibility that detracts from the optimal properties of the popular theoretical construct, a perfectly competitive economy -- rather than as an existing social menace. Familiarity with so simple a concept, and ritual footnote references to it, seem to have imparted a feeling that the matter is well under control. Too many economists have, therefore, continued to ignore the events taking shape around them and to immerse themselves instead in the intellectual fascination of quasi-mathematical models of growth, and the theoretical problems involved in general solutions of optimal systems.
• 7
...doesn't a boss hope to see a competitor die? And don't all businessmen reciprocally hope to be the only ones to enjoy the advantages that their occupations bring? In order to obtain employment, doesn't the unemployed worker hope that for some reason or another someone who does have a job will be thrown out of his workplace... men carry on who are obliged to use every means available in order to live.
• 8
...there arose rivalry and competition on the one hand, and conflicting interests on the other, together with a secret desire on both of profiting at the expense of others. All these evils were the first effects of property, and the inseparable attendants of growing inequality.
• 9
We may admire human society as much as we please; it will be none the less true that it necessarily leads men to hate each other in proportion as their interests clash...
• 10
...they merely engage to work by the day, at a fixed wage, on the farm where they live; but their competition with each other has forced them to be satisfied with a wage of the lowest possible kind.
• 11
...the poverty of day-laborers, forced by competition to content themselves with what is necessary for life; though commerce may profit by the circumstance, it is nothing better than a national calamity.
Chronology :
April 11, 2020 : Competition -- Added.
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